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不明原因不孕:体外受精与宫腔内人工授精的随机对照试验

In Vitro Fertilization or Intrauterine Insemination in Unexplained Infertility

PubMed · CNS/大子刊/四大医学刊(生殖相关) · N Engl J Med 综合顶刊 IF 96.2 · 文献 · 2026-10-27
Prentice LR, Sadler LC, Anderson KL, Wilkinson JD, Vercoe MA, Lensen SF, Glanville EJ, Wakeman SA, Searle LM, Farquhar CM
DOI 10.1056/nejmoa2602728 · PMID 42950222 · 原文链接 ↗ · Scholar
综合 99.0 模型 88.0 · deepseek/deepseek-flash · 强度 low 已入选 期刊加权 +6 辅助生殖技术与临床结局 卵母细胞与卵泡生物学 避孕与生殖健康 伦理、法规与指南
★ 命中偏好:可转化到 ART 实验室的发现 (加权 +5.0,仅影响排序与入选,不是收录条件)
新颖 78严谨 95影响 90领域相关 100转化 90

摘要

多中心随机对照非劣效试验纳入737对不明原因不孕夫妇,比较促排卵宫腔内人工授精(IUI,最多4周期)与一线体外受精(IVF,1个完整周期)。第一阶段累计活产率IUI组31%、IVF组55%,校正风险差-24个百分点(95%CI -31~-16),未达到非劣效;进入第二阶段后,两组累计活产率分别为70%与71%,总体相近。严重不良事件多与取卵或卵巢过度刺激相关。结论:四周期促排卵IUI不劣于一个完整IVF周期这一假设不成立。

原文摘要

BACKGROUND: Although international guidelines recommend intrauterine insemination (IUI) with ovarian stimulation as first-line treatment for unexplained infertility, evidence from comparisons of this method with in vitro fertilization (IVF) is limited. METHODS: We conducted a sequential, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving couples with unexplained infertility. Stage 1 was a noninferiority comparison between IUI with ovarian stimulation (up to four cycles) and IVF (one complete cycle, with transfer of all embryos). After 7 months, couples without live birth or ongoing pregnancy could proceed to stage 2: couples in the IUI group could undergo up to two IVF cycles, and those in the IVF group could undergo one further IVF cycle. The primary outcome was the cumulative live-birth rate resulting from stage 1. Couples who were in stage 1 during lockdowns due to coronavirus disease 2019 were omitted from the analysis of the primary outcome. A secondary outcome was the cumulative live-birth rate resulting from stages 1 and 2. Live births were included in analyses if day 1 of the treatment cycle that led to pregnancy or day 1 of the last menstrual period before conception occurred within 7 months (stage 1) or 20 months (stage 2) after randomization. The noninferiority margin for the primary outcome was a between-group difference of 10 percentage points. RESULTS: A total of 737 couples underwent randomization: 365 couples were assigned to undergo IUI with ovarian stimulation before IVF, and 372 were assigned to undergo first-line IVF (1 couple in the IVF group withdrew consent for the use of data). The primary-outcome analysis included 585 couples (288 in the IUI group and 297 in the IVF group). The cumulative live-birth rate from stage 1 was 31% (89 births among 288 couples) with IUI with ovarian stimulation and 55% (164 births among 297 couples) with IVF (adjusted risk difference, -24 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -31 to -16). The cumulative live-birth rate from stages 1 and 2 among all the couples who had undergone randomization and provided consent was 70% (257 births among 365 couples) and 71% (265 births among 371 couples), respectively (adjusted risk difference, 0 percentage points; 99% CI, -9 to 8). Overall, serious adverse events occurred in 6 couples in the IUI group and in 14 couples in the IVF group; most serious adverse events were related to oocyte retrieval or hyperstimulation. CONCLUSIONS: In couples with unexplained infertility, treatment with four cycles of IUI with ovarian stimulation was not noninferior to treatment with one complete cycle of IVF with respect to the cumulative live-birth rate. (Funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand and others; FIIX Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12619001003167.).

推荐理由:NEJM发表的多中心RCT直接回答不明原因不孕一线选择IUI还是IVF的临床争议,样本量与设计严谨,对临床路径与患者咨询有直接影响。

关键词:不明原因不孕 · 体外受精 · 宫腔内人工授精 · 累计活产率 · 随机对照试验

解读依据: 仅摘要 Europe PMC 未收录免费全文(非 OA,或该来源不在 Europe PMC 全文范围内,如 bioRxiv 预印本):isOpenAccess=False, inEPMC=False

文献解读

由 deepseek / deepseek-flash(强度 medium) 生成 仅摘要解读 · 2026-11-08 12:05 · 约 6 分钟

一句话结论:不明原因不孕夫妇中,4个周期促排卵IUI相对1个完整IVF周期在累积活产率上「非劣效」的假设未成立。

研究背景

国际指南目前推荐以促排卵联合宫腔内人工授精(IUI, intrauterine insemination)作为不明原因不孕(unexplained infertility)的一线治疗,但将其与体外受精(IVF, in vitro fertilization)直接比较的证据有限。本研究旨在通过序贯、多中心随机对照试验,比较先行促排卵IUI与首选IVF在累积活产率上的差异。

研究设计与方法

多中心、序贯(sequential)随机对照非劣效性试验,对象为不明原因不孕夫妇。Stage 1:促排卵联合IUI(最多4个周期)vs 一个完整IVF周期(移植全部胚胎)。7个月后仍未获活产或持续妊娠(ongoing pregnancy)者进入Stage 2:原IUI组可再行最多2个IVF周期,原IVF组可再行1个IVF周期。主要结局为Stage 1来源的累积活产率(cumulative live-birth rate);因COVID-19封控期间处于Stage 1的夫妇被排除于主要结局分析。次要结局为Stage 1+2合计的累积活产率。非劣效界值为组间差异10个百分点。活产计入标准为:导致妊娠的治疗周期第1天或受孕前末次月经第1天位于随机化后7个月(Stage 1)或20个月(Stage 2)内。未使用组学或时差成像等技术(原文未提供)。

主要发现

多组学视角

不适用(本研究为临床随机对照试验,摘要未涉及转录组、蛋白质组、表观组或任何组学检测)。

意义

该试验直接挑战了「促排卵IUI可作为不明原因不孕一线治疗」的指南推荐:单看Stage 1,首选IVF的累积活产率显著更高(55% vs 31%)。但经序贯补救援IVF后两组累计活产率趋同(70% vs 71%),提示IUI路径并未损害最终生育机会,只是延后实现,这对临床咨询、患者偏好导向的决策与资源分配具有直接价值。对ART实验室而言,IVF组的增量获益与取卵/过度刺激相关不良事件增多并存,需在方案设计与风险监控上权衡。

局限与待解问题

值得跟进

关键术语

所属事件:不明原因不孕:体外受精与宫腔内人工授精的随机对照试验 热度 5.0 · 1 个来源

条目 #366 · 入库 2026-11-08 11:44 · JSON · Journal Article