Sexual maturation and fertility of the malaria-causing parasite, Plasmodium spp., are critical to transmission between hosts. This developmental process involves an intricate gene expression regulatory network that drives gametocyte commitment, development, and the production of male and female gametes. Here, we characterize the role of the CCCH-type zinc-finger protein Plasmodium falciparum Male Development 3 (PfMD3) in the formation of gametes. Genetic disruption of PfMD3 reveals a male fertility defect that decreases infectivity to mosquitoes. Molecular characterization of PfMD3 reveals its binding to mRNA transcripts is associated with male gamete development through a specific RNA sequence. Gametocyte proteins encoded by these PfMD3-bound transcripts decrease significantly in PfMD3 knockout parasites, suggesting that PfMD3 impacts translation. In addition to RNA-binding, PfMD3 also interacts with proteins involved in mRNA processing and nuclear export that influence translational regulation. This study establishes PfMD3 as an RNA-binding protein that impacts lineage-specific translation and male gamete fertility.