BACKGROUND: Accumulating epidemiological and andrological evidence has raised concerns about potential long-term declines in semen quality worldwide, highlighting the need for sustained, population-specific surveillance. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed temporal changes in semen quality during the period of 2021-2025 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This work extends our previous report on annual trends in semen quality at the same center from 2015 to 2021. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated temporal changes in semen quality parameters among 21,932 men who attended a reproductive center in Shanghai between 2021 and 2025, a period characterized by widespread COVID-19 pandemic. After 2-7 days of sexual abstinence, semen samples were analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analysis to assess conventional semen parameters, including semen volume, sperm count, sperm concentration, and sperm motility, as well as sperm kinematic parameters, including curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, and beat-cross frequency. To better characterize temporal changes across different baseline semen-quality strata, participants were classified according to the WHO 2010 reference criteria into above-reference-limit and below-reference-limit groups. Differences among groups were assessed using one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, independent-samples t-test, and analysis of covariance, as appropriate. In the above-reference-limit group, multiple linear regression models including year, age, and abstinence duration were used to adjust for potential confounders and evaluate temporal trends in semen quality. RESULTS: In the overall cohort and in both the above-reference-limit and below-reference-limit subgroups, sperm count, sperm concentration, and several CASA-derived kinematic parameters, including curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, and beat-cross frequency, generally showed increasing temporal trends from 2021 to 2025. After adjustment for age and abstinence duration, multiple linear regression analyses in the above-reference-limit group supported these associations. Semen volume, sperm count, sperm concentration, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, and beat-cross frequency increased significantly over the study period, with regression coefficients of 0.0876, 4.815, 0.6929, 0.9423, 0.3553, 0.5150, and 0.1172, respectively. In contrast, sperm motility decreased significantly over time, with a regression coefficient of -0.7112. CONCLUSION: The observed increases in semen volume, sperm count, and sperm concentration contrast with the declining trends previously reported at the same reproductive center before the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest widespread COVID-19 pandemic have reversed the annual changes in parameters related to semen quality.