{"id":339,"title":"Temporal trends in semen quality at a single reproductive center in Shanghai, China, during 2021-2025 amid the COVID-19 pandemic","title_zh":"新冠疫情期间上海单一生殖中心2021—2025年精液质量的时间趋势","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964052","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1980263","pmid":"42964052","journal":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","kind":"paper","lang":"en","published_at":"2026-10-16T00:00:00+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-11-08T03:44:06+00:00","authors":["Zhu S","Dong J","Wu Z","Wang Z","Yang J","Feng C","Tang C","Zhou Y"],"primary_topic":"male","topics":[{"slug":"male","score":6.0,"hits":["andrological","semen","sperm"]}],"topic_score":6.0,"preference_score":0.0,"preference_labels":[],"llm_score":70.0,"final_score":70.0,"score_dims":{"novelty":68,"rigor":72,"impact":65,"relevance":92,"translation":62},"recommend_reason":"大样本、连续5年、同一中心前后对照，报告疫情期精液参数趋势“反转”，对男性生殖健康监测与ART实验室解读精液数据有参考价值；但单中心回顾性设计、缺乏生活方式与感染史等混杂控制，结论需谨慎外推。","keywords":["精液质量","时间趋势","COVID-19","计算机辅助精液分析","精子活动力","男性生殖健康"],"selected":1,"story_id":390,"llm_provider":"deepseek","llm_model":"deepseek-flash","llm_effort":"low","source_key":"pubmed-core-journals","source_name":"PubMed · 核心期刊","source_tier":1,"mention_count":1,"has_interpretation":false,"journal_key":"front-endo","journal_tier":"standard","journal_if":3.9,"is_mock":false,"summary_zh":"该回顾性研究分析了2021—2025年新冠疫情期间在上海一家生殖中心就诊的21,932名男性的精液质量随时间的变化，是对该中心2015—2021年趋势报告的延续。精液样本经2—7天禁欲后用计算机辅助精液分析（CASA）检测常规参数与运动学参数，并按WHO 2010参考限分层，用方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis检验、t检验及协方差分析比较组间差异；在上限组中用多元线性回归校正年龄与禁欲时间。结果显示，精液量、精子总数、浓度及多个CASA运动学参数随时间显著上升，而精子活动力显著下降（回归系数-0.7112）。作者认为，这一上升趋势与疫情前同一中心的下降趋势相反，提示疫情可能改变了精液质量的年度变化方向。","summary":"BACKGROUND: Accumulating epidemiological and andrological evidence has raised concerns about potential long-term declines in semen quality worldwide, highlighting the need for sustained, population-specific surveillance. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed temporal changes in semen quality during the period of 2021-2025 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This work extends our previous report on annual trends in semen quality at the same center from 2015 to 2021. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated temporal changes in semen quality parameters among 21,932 men who attended a reproductive center in Shanghai between 2021 and 2025, a period characterized by widespread COVID-19 pandemic. After 2-7 days of sexual abstinence, semen samples were analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analysis to assess conventional semen parameters, including semen volume, sperm count, sperm concentration, and sperm motility, as well as sperm kinematic parameters, including curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, and beat-cross frequency. To better characterize temporal changes across different baseline semen-quality strata, participants were classified according to the WHO 2010 reference criteria into above-reference-limit and below-reference-limit groups. Differences among groups were assessed using one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, independent-samples t-test, and analysis of covariance, as appropriate. In the above-reference-limit group, multiple linear regression models including year, age, and abstinence duration were used to adjust for potential confounders and evaluate temporal trends in semen quality. RESULTS: In the overall cohort and in both the above-reference-limit and below-reference-limit subgroups, sperm count, sperm concentration, and several CASA-derived kinematic parameters, including curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, and beat-cross frequency, generally showed increasing temporal trends from 2021 to 2025. After adjustment for age and abstinence duration, multiple linear regression analyses in the above-reference-limit group supported these associations. Semen volume, sperm count, sperm concentration, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, and beat-cross frequency increased significantly over the study period, with regression coefficients of 0.0876, 4.815, 0.6929, 0.9423, 0.3553, 0.5150, and 0.1172, respectively. In contrast, sperm motility decreased significantly over time, with a regression coefficient of -0.7112. CONCLUSION: The observed increases in semen volume, sperm count, and sperm concentration contrast with the declining trends previously reported at the same reproductive center before the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest widespread COVID-19 pandemic have reversed the annual changes in parameters related to semen quality.","interpretation_basis":null,"fulltext_status":null,"interpretation":null,"fulltext":{"available":false,"status":null,"reason":"尚未抓取全文（未入选、分数未达阈值，或还没跑 fulltext 步骤）","pmcid":null,"license":null,"chars":0,"source":null,"fetched_at":null}}