{"id":195,"title":"Protecting Reproductive Health in Nuclear Emergencies: A Review of Shielding Devices and Radioprotective Agents","title_zh":"核应急中的生殖健康防护：屏蔽装置与辐射防护剂综述","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42970005","doi":"10.1097/hp.0000000000002257","pmid":"42970005","journal":"Health Phys","kind":"paper","lang":"en","published_at":"2026-11-02T00:00:00+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-11-08T03:43:57+00:00","authors":["Zhang X","Zhao H"],"primary_topic":"contraception-health","topics":[{"slug":"contraception-health","score":3.0,"hits":["reproductive health"]},{"slug":"oocyte","score":2.0,"hits":["follicle","ovarian"]},{"slug":"male","score":1.0,"hits":["spermatogenesis"]},{"slug":"art-clinical","score":1.0,"hits":["infertility"]},{"slug":"ivg-stem","score":1.0,"hits":["germ cells"]}],"topic_score":3.0,"preference_score":0.0,"preference_labels":[],"llm_score":60.0,"final_score":60.0,"score_dims":{"novelty":50,"rigor":55,"impact":55,"relevance":60,"translation":50},"recommend_reason":"该综述对核应急场景下的性腺辐射防护与生育力保存有参考价值，但主题偏离辅助生殖常规临床与实验室核心，证据以叙述性总结为主，原始创新有限，适合相关防护与生殖毒理方向浏览。","keywords":["电离辐射","性腺损伤","辐射防护","生育力保存","核应急"],"selected":1,"story_id":198,"llm_provider":"deepseek","llm_model":"deepseek-flash","llm_effort":"low","source_key":"pubmed-gametes","source_name":"PubMed · 配子与性腺","source_tier":1,"mention_count":1,"has_interpretation":false,"journal_key":null,"journal_tier":"unknown","journal_if":null,"is_mock":false,"summary_zh":"本文为叙述性综述，聚焦核紧急事件中电离辐射对性腺的损伤及防护。文章指出生殖细胞和性腺组织对辐射高度敏感，男性可表现为精子发生受损，女性可出现卵泡进行性丢失，导致暂时或永久不育；同时引用ICRP和UNSCEAR评估，认为常规低剂量核应急暴露下人群可遗传疾病风险极小。综述系统梳理了核事故条件下辐射生殖危害、主流性腺屏蔽硬件与辐射防护药物的技术性能，并指出现场适用性与临床放疗的差异，提出研究空白与发展建议，为核应急一线人员制定标准化辐射防护和生育力保存方案提供参考。","summary":"Nuclear emergencies can generate ionizing radiation that potentially induces severe, irreversible gonadal injury and theoretically heritable genetic risks among exposed emergency responders. Because germ cells and gonadal tissues are highly radiosensitive, reproductive organs are susceptible to radiation-mediated harm. Clinically observed radiation-associated reproductive outcomes cover impaired spermatogenesis in males, progressive ovarian follicle loss in females, and temporary or permanent infertility. It should be noted that authoritative assessments by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation indicate minimal population-level heritable disease risks under routine low-dose nuclear emergency exposure. Physical shielding tools and radioprotective pharmaceuticals serve as core countermeasures to lower gonadal absorbed dose and preserve responders' fertility, yet their field applicability differs substantially from clinical radiotherapy settings. This narrative review systematically elaborates on radiation-induced reproductive hazards specific to nuclear accident conditions, categorizes mainstream gonadal shielding hardware and radioprotective agents alongside their technical performances, and highlights prominent research gaps as well as targeted developmental suggestions. The summarized evidence provides evidence-based references for formulating standardized radiation protection and fertility conservation protocols for frontline nuclear emergency personnel.","interpretation_basis":null,"fulltext_status":null,"interpretation":null,"fulltext":{"available":false,"status":null,"reason":"尚未抓取全文（未入选、分数未达阈值，或还没跑 fulltext 步骤）","pmcid":null,"license":null,"chars":0,"source":null,"fetched_at":null}}