{"id":173,"title":"Beyond sperm competition: perspectives on sperm economy from external fertilizing fishes","title_zh":"超越精子竞争：外部受精鱼类的精子经济视角","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42979624","doi":"10.1098/rsos.261579","pmid":"42979624","journal":"R Soc Open Sci","kind":"paper","lang":"en","published_at":"2026-11-04T00:00:00+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-11-08T03:43:57+00:00","authors":["Locatello L","Rasotto MB"],"primary_topic":"male","topics":[{"slug":"male","score":5.0,"hits":["sperm","spermatogenesis"]},{"slug":"ethics-policy","score":1.0,"hits":["regulation"]}],"topic_score":5.0,"preference_score":0.0,"preference_labels":[],"llm_score":56.0,"final_score":56.0,"score_dims":{"novelty":55,"rigor":60,"impact":35,"relevance":40,"translation":20},"recommend_reason":"对比较生殖生物学和精子分配理论有启发，但研究对象为外部受精鱼类，与人类ART临床和胚胎实验室的直接转化价值有限，适合作为背景浏览。","keywords":["精子经济","精子竞争","外部受精鱼类","射精分配","精子发生","资源分配"],"selected":0,"story_id":89,"llm_provider":"deepseek","llm_model":"deepseek-flash","llm_effort":"low","source_key":"pubmed-gametes","source_name":"PubMed · 配子与性腺","source_tier":1,"mention_count":1,"has_interpretation":false,"journal_key":null,"journal_tier":"unknown","journal_if":null,"is_mock":false,"summary_zh":"本文综述外部受精鱼类的精子经济策略，突破以精子竞争为核心的传统框架。作者整合行为与生殖生理证据，指出高交配频率、雌性低繁殖力、产卵延长、精子快速稀释及雄性繁殖投入高昂等压力，可在精子竞争弱或缺失时促进精子节约策略；鱼类趋同演化出分次射精、精子释放与卵子排放时间匹配及受精微环境调控等适应，并常与半囊状精子发生相关。文章将精子经济重构为一般性资源分配问题。","summary":"Research on sperm economy has traditionally focused on sperm competition as a major selective pressure shaping sperm production and allocation. In this review, we broaden this perspective by considering how other reproductive and ecological pressures influence the management of a costly and finite sperm supply. We synthesize evidence showing that in externally fertilizing fishes, high mating frequency, low female fecundity, prolonged spawning, rapid sperm dilution and costly male reproductive investment can favour sperm-economy strategies even when sperm competition is weak or absent. Across fish taxa, these constraints have led to convergent behavioural and physiological adaptations, including fractionated ejaculation, temporal matching of sperm release to egg deposition and manipulation of the fertilization microenvironment, which improve fertilization efficiency while minimizing sperm expenditure. We further highlight a recurring association between these strategies and semi-cystic spermatogenesis, consistent with the possibility that optimization of sperm use extends beyond ejaculate allocation to the regulation of sperm production during spermatogenesis. By integrating evidence from behaviour to reproductive physiology, this review reframes sperm economy as a general resource-allocation problem, with sperm competition representing one of several selective pressures. Externally fertilizing fishes emerge as an exceptional model for understanding the diverse evolutionary routes by which males optimize reproductive investment.","interpretation_basis":null,"fulltext_status":null,"interpretation":null,"fulltext":{"available":false,"status":null,"reason":"尚未抓取全文（未入选、分数未达阈值，或还没跑 fulltext 步骤）","pmcid":null,"license":null,"chars":0,"source":null,"fetched_at":null}}