{"id":155,"title":"Sex-dependent molecular architecture and selective cargo organization of gonadal extracellular vesicles in an echinoderm model","title_zh":"棘皮动物模型中性腺细胞外囊泡的性别依赖分子架构与选择性货物组织","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42985898","doi":"10.1242/jeb.253297","pmid":"42985898","journal":"J Exp Biol","kind":"paper","lang":"en","published_at":"2026-11-05T00:00:00+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-11-08T03:43:57+00:00","authors":["Wang X","Deng B","Gaitan-Espitia JD","Zamora LN","Russell BD","Sun L","Xu J","Zhang L","Huo D"],"primary_topic":"animal-models","topics":[{"slug":"oocyte","score":2.0,"hits":["oogenesis","ovarian"]},{"slug":"male","score":1.0,"hits":["spermatogenesis"]},{"slug":"ethics-policy","score":1.0,"hits":["regulatory"]},{"slug":"omics-methods","score":1.0,"hits":["metabolomics"]}],"topic_score":2.0,"preference_score":0.0,"preference_labels":[],"llm_score":58.0,"final_score":58.0,"score_dims":{"novelty":65,"rigor":55,"impact":35,"relevance":40,"translation":30},"recommend_reason":"研究为无脊椎动物性腺 EV 的性别差异代谢货物组织提供了新证据，对比较内分泌与 EV 介导的生殖信号研究有启发；但与哺乳动物及人类辅助生殖的直接相关性有限，适合作为进化背景或方法学参考浏览。","keywords":["细胞外囊泡","性腺性别差异","类固醇代谢物","棘皮动物","靶向代谢组学","生殖特化"],"selected":0,"story_id":53,"llm_provider":"deepseek","llm_model":"deepseek-flash","llm_effort":"low","source_key":"pubmed-gametes","source_name":"PubMed · 配子与性腺","source_tier":1,"mention_count":1,"has_interpretation":false,"journal_key":null,"journal_tier":"unknown","journal_if":null,"is_mock":false,"summary_zh":"该研究以海参 Apostichopus japonicus 为模型，分离雌雄成熟性腺来源的细胞外囊泡（EVs），并进行靶向代谢组学分析。研究发现 10 种类固醇相关代谢物在雌雄 EVs 间显著分化：雌性 EVs 富集上游类固醇前体（如孕烯醇酮、DHEA 硫酸盐）及多种皮质类固醇，雄性 EVs 则偏向雄烯二酮下游衍生物。多变量分析显示 EV 代谢货物呈清晰性别分离，并对应保守的类固醇生成与皮质类固醇通路。作者据此提出 EVs 通过携带性别偏倚代谢信号参与生殖特化的机制框架。","summary":"Sexual dimorphism in reproductive strategies requires precise metabolic signaling. However, the mechanisms linking cellular communication to sex specific phenotypes remain poorly understood. Invertebrates with ancestral endocrine pathways may offer a useful evolutionary window into these foundational regulatory networks. Here, we utilize the echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus to investigate how extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate sex-biased metabolic partitioning. EVs were isolated from mature gonads of both sexes. Through targeted metabolomics analysis of these gonadal EVs, we identified ten steroid-related metabolites showing profound sexual divergence. Female-derived EVs are preferentially enriched in upstream steroid precursors (including pregnenolone and DHEA sulfate) and multiple corticosteroids (cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol), establishing a stable precursor reservoir essential for oogenesis and ovarian maintenance. In contrast, male EVs prioritize downstream androstenedione derivatives tailored for rapid functional responses during spermatogenesis. Multivariate analysis confirmed clear sex-specific separation of EV metabolic cargo, mapping directly onto highly conserved steroidogenesis and corticosteroid pathways. Collectively, our findings suggest that EVs may contribute to reproductive specialization by carrying sex-biased metabolic signals. By demonstrating that vesicular metabolite partitioning maintains distinct reproductive phenotypes in Apostichopus japonicus, this study provides a new mechanistic framework that may inform the evolution of sexual dimorphism in marine invertebrates.","interpretation_basis":null,"fulltext_status":null,"interpretation":null,"fulltext":{"available":false,"status":null,"reason":"尚未抓取全文（未入选、分数未达阈值，或还没跑 fulltext 步骤）","pmcid":null,"license":null,"chars":0,"source":null,"fetched_at":null}}